It was an ancient paint-peeled frame building, the only church in Maycomb with a steeple and bell, called First Purchase because it was paid for from the first earnings of freed slaves. Negroes worshiped in it on Sundays and white men gambled in it on weekdays. A universe of obligation is the circle of individuals and groups toward whom obligations are owed, to whom rules apply, and whose injuries call for amends.
In other words, those that a society believes have rights that are worthy of respect and protection. First Purchase is named after the first purchase the freed slaves made in Maycomb, the materials to build this church. However, the church is missing many of the accoutrements that Scout associates with her own Methodist Church. One of those things is hymn books. Negroes worshipped in it on Sundays and white men gambled in it on weekdays.
Why does Reverend Sykes order the doors of the church shut? Why are there no hymn books in First Purchase? For instance, the graves in the cemetery are lined with chips of broken Coca-cola bottles and brightly colored glass. During a dry spell, the bodies are covered in chunks of ice unless the earth is softened by the rains. There are bodies that rest uneasily, marked by lightning rods.
Infant bodies have stumps of burned-out candles in front of them. When Scout and Jem enter the church, they are welcomed with gestures of respect. They parted and made a small pathway to the church door for us. She wonders how they could possibly sing without a hymn book, but her question is soon answered. In a similar fashion, the whole hymn is completed, leaving both Jem and Scout awestruck. Consequently, the children watch as Reverend Sykes calls onto the Lord to bless the sick and suffering, and also addressed certain specific cases.
The sermon is followed by a proceeding unfamiliar to the children — the collection of donations. The money, on this occasion, is being collected to assist Helen Robinson. Through the experience of attending the black church, the children are made aware of the vast differences between the conditions of the blacks and their whites.
Initially, Scout is very excited by the prospect of going to school, but however, she is left disappointed by her experience on the first day of school.
Why does Dolphus Raymond hide Coca-Cola in a brown paper bag? Why does Mayella Ewell lie on the witness stand? What qualities make Atticus a good father? Why does Aunt Alexandra move into the Finch household? Summary Part Two, Chapters 12— Previous section Chapters 9—11 Next section Chapters 14— Popular pages: To Kill a Mockingbird. Take a Study Break. Still, Aunt Alexandra's various prejudices cause Scout to comment "There was indeed a caste system in Maycomb, but to my mind it worked this way: the older citizens, the present generation of people who had lived side by side for years and years, were utterly predictable to one another.
Aunt Alexandra claims that the main reason she's come to live with them is to provide "some feminine influence" for Scout. Of course, Scout considers Calpurnia to be a sufficient feminine influence. Aunt Alexandra would be quick to say that the finest black woman can't ever be a proper role model for a white child.
In these chapters, Scout confronts the issue of femininity through others in her household, as well:. Jem and Atticus: In a major and unexpected shift, Jem stops chastising Scout for acting like a girl, and instead says, "'It's time you started bein' a girl and acting right! Later, Atticus further confuses the children by deeming that they need to start "'behaving like the little lady and gentleman that you are.
He then tries to make light of the whole situation to cheer the children up. Curiously, Scout recognizes that "Atticus was only a man. It takes a woman to do that kind of work. Calpurnia: With much more gentle tactics than Aunt Alexandra, Calpurnia shows Scout a great deal about femininity.
Scout absorbs Calpurnia's lessons willingly because Calpurnia doesn't try to force any standards on her. Scout simply starts joining her in the kitchen as Jem enters adolescence and she remarks "by watching her I began to think there was some skill involved in being a girl. Lee shows the juxtaposition between Calpurnia and Aunt Alexandra by the fact that Alexandra won't let Calpurnia cook for her lady friends. Ironically, though, at Calpurnia's church, Scout is "confronted with the Impurity of Women doctrine.
It is indeed a confusing time for Scout.
0コメント