The painter's maternal grandfather was also arrested and imprisoned for counterfeiting. It is of little surprise that drama and dalliances with the law were to plague Vermeer throughout his adult life. It is thought that in the mid s, the teenage Vermeer was enrolled as an apprentice painter of his father who was willing to pay the expensive fees to ensure a promising future for his son. Due to lack of empirical evidence, it is impossible to name whom Vermeer was apprenticed to, but a number of historians suggest that Rembrandt's star pupil Carel Fabritius provided his early training.
Despite both sets of parents being resistant to the marriage due to opposing Christian beliefs, the wedding went ahead after Vermeer's conversion to Catholicism. Perhaps in efforts to prove his devotion to his new found religion and in-laws, Vermeer painted Christ in the House of Martha and Mary , his only known depiction of a Biblical narrative.
His marriage to Catherina allowed Vermeer to climb the social scale significantly, and it is thought that afterwards he even limited the contact he had with his family while living in the house of his formidable mother-in-law.
In the same year as his marriage, Vermeer followed in his father's footsteps and enrolled as a master painter in the Guild of St Luke, which allowed him a wealth of opportunities, patrons, and connections to advance his career. His early work shows the influence of masters like Rembrandt , the Italian Caravaggio , as well as the Utrecht Caravaggisti painters like Gerrit van Honthorst and Dirck van Baburnen. In , Vermeer became the head of the Guild of St Luke, which meant that he would have been in close contact with numerous Delft patrons, artists, and collectors.
The new position established him as a well-respected painter in his own right, although the few paintings that exist have led many scholars to calculate that the artist only produced three or so paintings per year.
One day in , while Vermeer was away from the house, his wife's absent and aggressive brother Willem returned and physically attacked the heavily pregnant Catherina, threatening to stab her with a pointed metal stick. The mother and unborn child were saved from the attack when the Vermeers' maidservant put herself between the siblings. According to court records, Willem was heard to shout "she-devil" and "old popish swine" at Catherina and her mother Maria, before being taken away and incarcerated until the end of his life.
Interestingly, the traumatic, violent episode didn't make its way into Vermeer's art. On the contrary, the calm idyll that Vermeer was known to capture in paint reflects a world that he, himself, perhaps wished to inhabit.
The wealth of his wife's family allowed Vermeer to paint for his own pleasure, rather than to support his family as was the case for most other painters, and he never took on pupils or apprentices.
The painter was also known to have used expensive pigments like lapis lazuli for the skirt of The Milkmaid and deep carmine for the dress of The Girl with a Wineglass. While some have suggested that Vermeer's long-term patron Pieter van Ruijven would have bought and supplied the artist with these exclusive ingredients, it is perhaps unsurprising that it was around this time that the painter began his own downward slide into debt.
This led to a dramatic economic crash for the once prosperous, middle-class country. Wikipedia article. Wikipedia: en. Johannes Vermeer Famous works. The Procuress Johannes Vermeer The glass of wine Johannes Vermeer The Milkmaid Johannes Vermeer The Concert Johannes Vermeer The Love Letter Johannes Vermeer Johannes Vermeer Featured.
Baroque Style - 39 artworks. Related Artists. Caravaggio - Gerrit Dou - Gerard Terborch - Carel Fabritius - Gabriel Metsu - Pieter de Hooch - Adam van der Meulen - Juriaen van Streeck - Mary Beale - Nicolaes Maes c. Jacob Ochtervelt - Luca Giordano - Frans van Mieris the Elder - Vermeer struggled financially in his final years, due in large part to the fact that the Dutch economy had suffered terribly after the country was invaded by France in Vermeer was deeply indebted by the time of his death; he died in Delft circa December 16, Since his passing, Vermeer has become a world-renowned artist, and his works have been hung in many prominent museums around the globe.
Despite how much he is admired today, Vermeer left behind a small legacy in terms of actual works—approximately 36 paintings have been officially attributed to the painter. One of Vermeer's most famous works inspired the novel Girl with a Pearl Earring, by Tracy Chevalier, as well as a film adaptation of this book. We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives.
One of the earliest Flemish oil painters, artist and portraitist Jan van Eyck, painted the "Adoration of the Lamb," the altarpiece for the Church of St. Jan Matzeliger was an inventor of Surinamese and Dutch descent best known for patenting the shoe lasting machine, which made footwear more affordable.
Known for his self-portraits and biblical scenes, Dutch artist Rembrandt is considered to be one of the greatest painters in European history. Escher was a 20th century Dutch illustrator whose innovative works explored echoing patterns, perception, space and transformation.
Hieronymus Bosch was a European painter of the late Middle Ages. Willem de Kooning was a Dutch-born American painter who was one of the leading proponents of abstract expressionism.
0コメント