Germany lost over 11,, soldiers and civilians. Poland and Yugoslavia lost over 3,, people each. Italy and France lost over 1,, each. Most nations of Central and Eastern Europe suffered severe--and in some cases total--economic destruction.
Hitler's ability to act as a figurehead of the Nazi machine was long gone by late For many years Hitler was kept on drugs by his medical personnel. In a group of German army officers and civilians pulled off an almost successful assassination attempt on Hitler, but he survived.
In several major battles occurred at Kursk which became the largest tank battle in history , Kharkov and Stalingrad, all of which the Germans lost. The battle for Stalingrad was one of the largest in the history of mankind. At Stalingrad alone the Germans lost , troops, in addition to the losses suffered by Italian, Hungarian, Romanian, Czech, Croatian and other forces, but the Russians lost over one million men. In German troops assisted Italy, which under dictator Benito Mussolini was a German ally, in its takeover of Yugoslavia and Greece.
Meanwhile, in Germany and the occupied countries, a program of mass extermination of Jews had begun. On June 22, , German forces invaded the Soviet Union. In addition to ore than 4,, German troops, there were additional forces from German allies Romania, Italy, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Spain and Finland, among others. Hitler used multinational forces in order to save Germans for the future colonization of the Russian lands. Following the detailed Nazi plan, code-named "Barbarossa," Hitler was utilizing resources of entire Europe under Nazi control to feed the invasion of Russia.
After a series of initial successes, however, the German Armies were stopped at Moscow, Leningrad and Stalingrad. Leningrad was besieged by the Nazis for days until the city of 4,, virtually starved itself to death. Paris fell and France surrendered, after which Hitler considered invading the UK. However, after the German Air Force was defeated in the Battle of Britain, the invasion was canceled. The British had begun bombing German cities in May , and four months later Hitler retaliated by ordering the Blitz.
In September of Hitler and Stalin invaded Poland. France and the British Commonwealth and Empire declared war on Germany. In he forced the union of Austria with Germany and also took the Sudetenland, a region of Czechoslovakia near the German border with a large ethnic German population, on the pretext of "protecting" the German population from the Czechs.
According to Leni Riefenstahl , he was anything but happy about hosting the XI. Olympic Games in Berlin and just agreed because it could have been a great publicity event for his "superior German race". Even though the German team indeed won most of the medals, probably the biggest disaster for the Nazis was the black so-called "subhuman" Jesse Owens not only winning four gold medals, but becoming the audience's hero of the games, too.
In the anti-Jewish Nuremburg laws were passed on Hitler's authorization. A year later, with Germany now under his total control, he sent troops into the Rhineland, which was a violation of the World War I Treaty of Versailles. Soon President Hindenburg died, and Hitler merged the office of President with the office of Chancellor. Through under-the-table deals with powerful conservative businessmen and right-wing politicians, Hitler was appointed Chancellor in January One month later, a mysterious fire--which the Nazis claimed had been started by "terrorists" but was later discovered to have been set by the Nazis themselves--destroyed the Reichstag the building housing the German parliament.
Then Hitler's machine began to issue a series of emergency decrees that gave the office of Chancellor more and more power. In March of Hitler persuaded the German parliament to pass the Enabling Act, which made the Chancellor dictator of Germany and gave him more power than the President. Two months later Hitler began "cleaning house"; he abolished trade unions and ordered mass arrests of members of rival political groups.
The Nazis began to gain considerable support in Germany through their network of army and WWI veterans, and Hitler ran for President in Defeated by the incumbent Paul von Hindenburg, Hitler next attempted to become Chancellor of Germany. Just a thought Tunman - I agree with you too! I think 5'8. I swear he could often look close to Ribbentrop in pics but without any favoring angle or distance he's very likely 3 maybe 4cm smaller max. Nik Agree,likely upper average for his time.
For example in his 20s Editor Rob. I think the more I've seen over the years, the 5ft 8 flat is too low, but above 5ft 9 too high. She used to see him when she went to school as a very little girl before the war. She was only about seven, a time when adults all seem like giants to children, but she said there was something seedy about him - and I must emphasise that this was long before the war, probably about , so nobody had realised his true evil yet.
Hitters gets 5ft8 from me today. And like most dictators he had Napoleon complex. So he is 5'7" at most. In history books is always said he was "rather short" or even "short" when 5''9 is not so short and within those times!
It's alike for someone to be about 5'10 in nowdays or so. Is that short person? Maybe not tall but not short for sure. Is that possible that he appeared tall back in the day? Hitler may have had an intimidating presence to some people, one that left a greater impression of height on them. He was also listed at in Landsberg prison records.
So the question is whether Mussolini was indeed 5'6. Btw he looked anywhere from with Ribbentrop anywhere from with Himmler,anywhere from with Goering assuming the latter was much more like 5'9. I read many sources that gave which could really be a possiblity but I just wonder from where the figure was taken.
Do you think peak range? Click Here Editor Rob. I still feel cm is possible, over I can't believe. We will never know,but the tense relations between germans and soviets after July i. Hmmm,I don't know if the apparent cold war that prevailed in between the reich and USSR would have lasted eternally.
Also peace with Britain was impossible after Hitler invaded Northern and Western Europe,as too many interests and friendly nations have been affected. Ironically,every time someone brought war in Europe cossacks,swedish,ottomans,french,germans ,it turned to Russia's advantage since mid 17th Century onwards except WW1. Hitler should have formed a full alliance with the Soviet Union after the British rejected his peace offers in July He was 5'10", same height as Chamberlain.
He was Austrian. Born in Braunau am Inn. Yes, 5'8" is a good height and even nowadays it is a solid average worldwide, and historically it has always been above average or tall. The facts you gave were fascinating! Finally, you have 22 cm on me! Welcome to celebheights!
Most of the people in the world live in the Tropical locations, especially Asia, here 5'8" is above average due to the conditions of heat and humidity. Exceptions will always be present, like many tribes on the Afghanistan frontier are known for their towering traits.
If you scour through the internet you will find that even the fearsome Vikings of the middle ages were 5'7" in their era. I don't even think Hitler would be short nowadays! Not in height anyway! I have seen many sites on the Internet listing famous short men from the past and incredibly these sites typically list men who were 5'8", which was probably never short at any time in previous centuries throughout any country in the world.
Even now 5'8" is only short in some Eastern European countries really. Listen to this, a few sites even classify famous men of 5'9" from previous centuries as short! Have a great weekend both of you! I can buy the figure for de Gaulle, 6ft 5 range is a myth.
I think you should keep silent about the history, neither we nor historians have a real plan. If he had fought a limited war in the Mediterranean he might have succeeded. Instead of invading Greece he should have focused on taking Malta, as that would have dealt a crippling blow to the British Empire and encouraged Spain to officially join the conflict. Mussolini's main mistake was not joining the war when it began, because then the Germans would have been more willing to help him.
I am slightly below cm, though I am excercising to close the gap :P. Most french sources give him though. You could compare all of South Asian leaders with its help :P. The Italians had not fielded a decent army in almost years, so getting into the modern Blitzkrieg war was never going to work.
Though Mussolini's manual of "Fasicm for Dummies" did serve as Hitler's guidebook in the early years. It is misleading to say Spain was neutral however - Franco sided with Germany for most of the war. Yes Mussolini entered the war in order to seize British and French colonies in Africa and the Mediterranean.
He was more of an old-fashioned imperialist like Churchill. Without these campaigns the British Empire would have lasted for longer and Britain would have continued killing millions of people in India. I should have worked that one out for myself really! It sounds like an irksome name, and one which would have driven him crazy if he'd been called that, even in a playful way! You know what I mean? How tall are you? Rajz You have put a lot of work into those comments! I can't write it out in full because Rob has a swear filter to edit out such words!
It looks like Rajz has provided yet more evidence that Hitler was a "flat as a pancake" 5'8", there was certainly no fizz with this guy! Have a fab week Sandy! They were both average or possibly plus.
Its just that their personalities are shaped by historical perspective. Take Bill Clinton, still quite popular. His was 6'2 at peak, which is indeed tall.
But I was surprised at first that he was That is the perception which people make. Same with Michael Phelps, everyone quotes him as 6'4 regardless of facts. Enjoy the coming week Nik! Nik - Yes, it was bound to happen again, wasn't it?
I have only seen photos with taller men. Sorry, I meant 5 of us! Rajz Well, that's all the proof we need! Rajz - That makes 4 of us! Rajz - I don't care for him much either! Charles de Gaulle deserves a page on here He had never been measured smaller. Skorzeny looks as tall as Lord Halifax, who stood 6'4" Click Here. Hitlers eye-level is under his chin. Guido Knopp in his book about the SS mentions that the Totenkopf Division formed by KZ guards were required to be at least cm but their leader Theodor Eicke was only according to one listing and actually looked clearly smaller than Himmler no way only 1cm difference,Knopp also mentions further in the book that from onwards the doctors were asked to soften their standards for recruitement except concerning hereditary diseases or jewish ancestry Click Here tall do you think Otto Skorzeny measured?
He's listed at 6'4 and also but I find it a little unlikely,assuming that the pic was taken in at which time Hitler already developed Parkinson disease and was 5' In other pics with Hitler he looks no more than but of course he's taller than that Click Here. The Landsberg prison document is a good source. According to Click Here , Morell measured him in to be But what is confusing is that Morell mentioned cm somewhere else. Anonymous Some people are convinced that he had a Napoleon complex.
Also,I saw that some sources gave him 5'8. To be that precise could mean it stemmed from a measurement? Here is a very good pic of Hitler with Ribbentrop that shows he's definitely shorter than him,if anything he's a genuine and again a chance for but no more Click Here.
He was not tall but he wasn't short either. Even their leader general Sepp Dietrich was probably no more than and anyways listed which is generous compared to Hitler and Himmler looks a good 7cm smaller. Once and for all,it's a pure legend that the nazis were tall or even had organisations based on height,the only fact,which also applies to the Red Army is that generals,basically all born before enjoyed higher life standards and were already adults for most of them at the outbreak of WW1 in and the subsequent hardships famine,disease Yes Hitler certainly shrunk by ,I just saw a documentary about his health and at one moment they made a comparison between his posture in at the time of the Battle of France where his posture was still impeccable and where he clearly had a poor posture.
How much actual loss though is the question. Anyways again the max arguable is cm since that's what he was measured in prison Click Here always a possibility but anything more is a joke and he was definitely smaller than Ribbentrop.
MrFish Yes, he shrunk. Look at his posture in Click Here. Traudl Junge, who had served him as secretary, recalled him saying Click Here , "Eva always wants me to keep my back straight.
Voting time! I think I will stick with 5'8"! His main mistake was not declaring war on the United States in September after the Destroyers for Bases Agreement.
After all, many of the testimonials of people who met him say 5ft 8in, so I really don't think he was much taller than that. What do you think? Guess what I missed as well three days ago? Thankfully there are repeats of it like you said.
Yes, a girl couldn't ask for more than what Jaffa brings to the table, and I don't just mean his honey! Who knows, we may even revise our estimates on Adolf's height after seeing the programmes! You have a great week too Sandy! The reason I suggested that the dudes who visit this page watch the 'Supernatural Nazi' series of programmes was because it would appeal to their historical interest.
I do hope some visitors got something from the programme. What I saw was very informative and the footage of Hitler and others was amazing. If I come across any more interesting programmes I will let the people who take an interest in this historical period know as soon as I find out about them.
It might be worth mentioning that they show war programmes on the 'Yesterday' Channel ever so often. If we can't come to some reasonable conclusion as to Hitler's height soon, I'll be most surprised! And no more messing about from me! Guess what I missed yesterday?
Would you believe it? I had been waiting for it all week as well! Until then, I'm sure Jaffa will fill me in! AND he is interested in history! What more can a girl ask for? They knocked at my door last week, NOT the canaries! Of course, I denied ever mixing with his kind! Have a great week Nik! Obviously he wanted to invade anyway for other reasons, but the oil crisis was why he launched Barbarossa while the war with the UK was still ongoing.
Delaying Barbarossa would have given Stalin more time to rearm and modernise the Red Army. We've also compared them to the average height of statesmen of their country over the last 40 years. At 5ft 7ins, Hollande is two inches taller than Sarkozy but also two inches shorter than the average height for French leaders of the past 40 years. Both David Cameron and Barack Obama beat the average height, standing tall at 6ft 1. As the first female Chancellor of Germany, it's not suprising that Angela Merkel stands 5 inches shorter than the average height for German leaders.
In the scientific paper published last year psychologists from Texas Tech University found in a study that almost two-thirds of participants showed a preference to draw larger figures when asked to draw images of leaders.
An evolutionary throwback has been suggested as the root of this. Nic Fleming wrote:. It is not for nothing that top politicians are known as political giants or "big beasts".
Voters see tall politicians as better suited for leadership, according to a survey of how people visualise their leaders. Psychologists believe the bias may stem from an evolved preference for physically imposing chiefs who could dominate enemies. Cameron, Obama and Hollande have all beaten shorter candidates in past elections — Gordon Brown at 5ft 11ins, John McCain at 5ft 8ins and Sarkozy at 5ft 5ins. The work, published by Dr Gregg Murray and J. David Schmitz, found evidence that would suggest physical stature affects people's preferences for political leadership.
The paper entitled 'Caveman Politics' on evolutionary psychology relates it back to ideas and beliefs gleaned from our prehistoric ancestors.
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